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During the anti-Gorbachev coup in August 1991 most communist leaders from Soviet central Asia backed the plotters. Within weeks of the coup's collapse, those same leaders -- now transformed into ardent nationalists -- proclaimed the independence of their nations, adopted new flags and new slogans, and discovered a new patriotism. How were these new nations built, among peoples without any traditional nationalist heritage and no history of independent governance? Olivier Roy argues that Soviet practice had always been to build on local institutions and promote local elites, and that Soviet administration -- as opposed to Soviet rhetoric -- was always surprisingly decentralized in the far-flung corners of the empire. Thus, with home-grown political leaders and administrative institutions, national identities in central Asia emerged almost by stealth. Roy's analysis of the new states in central Asia -- Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tadjikstan, Kirghizstan and Azerbaijan -- provides a glimpse of the future of an increasingly fragmented and dangerous region.

ICFTU Asia and Pacific Regional Organisation - The ICFTU Asia and Pacific Regional Organisation (ICFTU-APRO) is a regional organisation of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions representing trade unions from countries in Asia and Oceania. It has 40 affiliated organisations in 28 countries, claiming a membership of 40 million people.

East Asia Regional Council of Overseas Schools - The East Asia Regional Council of Overseas Schools (EARCOS) is an association of some 94 international schools in East Asia which use English as the primary medium of instruction. Its members have over 53,000 students from pre-kindergarten to grade 12.

Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program - The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program is an Asian Development Bank supported initiative which was created in 1997 to encourage economic cooperation among countries in the Central Asian region. The Program has focused to date on financing infrastructure projects and improving the region's policy environment in the priority areas of

Japanese foreign policy on Southeast Asia - Japanese foreign policy toward Southeast Asia, this diverse region, stretching from South Asia to the islands in the South Pacific Ocean, was in part defined by Japan's rapid rise in the 1980s as the dominant economic power in Asia. The decline in East-West and Sino-Soviet tensions during the 1980s suggested that economic rather than military power would determine regional leadership.

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Regional Asia Azerbaijan - Regional Asia Azerbaijan Georgia This long-awaited revised third edition to the original regional asia azerbaijan and most comprehensive guidebook in English about Georgia reflects the tumultuous geopolitical reality of the country in the new millennium. Bordered by the Caucasus Mountains to the north, the Black Sea to the west, Azerbaijan to the east regional asia azerbaijan and Turkey to the south, Georgia stands at the crossroads of Europe regional asia azerbaijan and Asia regional asia azerbaijan and as such occupies ...

Regional Asia Turkmenistan - Regional Asia Turkmenistan The New Great Game A journalist visits Central Asia to assess the real reasons behind American adventurism in that region, regional asia turkmenistan and determines that oil is indeed a major factor. Kleveman portrays the major players regional asia turkmenistan and rivalries as well as the risks regional asia turkmenistan and strategies, which include a probable oil pipeline whose route would run from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan to the Indian Ocean. Copyright (C) Muze Inc. 2005. For personal use ...

Regional Asia Armenia - Regional Asia Armenia South Asia 2006 Now in its third edition, South Asia 2006 provides an in-depth library of information on the countries regional asia armenia and territories of the region.Exhaustively researched by Europa`s experienced editorial team, this title includes a vast range of up-to-date economic, political regional asia armenia and statistical data. Combining impartial analysis with facts regional asia armenia and figures, South Asia 2006 provides a unique overall perspective on this increasingly important region. ...

The name Oguz is not an ethnic name, and it can be simply transled into "Turkish tribes." Name and origins According to many historians, the usage of the "six Oguz tribal union" in these inscriptions pertains to the 6th century. The original homeland of the Oguz, like other Turks, was the ge... This socio-political union lead to the ends of the Hun empire (220 BC). Throughout history, the Oguz Turks are the ancestors of today's Western Turks: Azerbaijanis, Turks of Turkey and Turkmens are the three most historical of Oguz peoples. The name of the Oguz, like other Turks, was the ge... This socio-political union lead to the inception of the Seljuk empire, which was founded by the Oguz were among the indegenous Turks of Central Asia who migrated towards western Asia and eastern Europe. The title of "Oguz" was given to a series of Turkic tribes spread into various parts of western Asia and eastern Europe. The title of "Oguz" was given to a series of Turkic tribes who had united into a new larger Turkic tribe and community, known as the "Oguz." Although also settled and urbanized, the nomadic way of life bred in them a combative spirit, sense in leadership, the habit of mobility, equestrian skill, and an unusual dexterity as archers on horseback. In the later centuries, they adapted and implied their own Turkic traditions and institutions to the unity of six Turkic tribes, which became known as the "Oguz." asia azerbaijan regional.